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In the quest for weight loss, many turn to prescription medications as a means to support their efforts. With obesity rates climbing globally, the demand for effective weight loss solutions is at an all-time high. Prescription weight loss drugs can be a powerful ally in this battle, but they are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Understanding the top options, their side effects, usage guidelines, and what doctors consider before prescribing them is crucial. Let’s dive into the top 5 weight loss prescription drugs, their mechanisms, potential side effects, results, and safe usage.
1. Orlistat (Xenical, Alli)
How It Works:
Orlistat works by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down fats in your diet, reducing the amount of fat your body absorbs.
Prescription Requirements:
Doctors may prescribe Orlistat to adults with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 30 or higher or 27 or higher with obesity-related conditions.
Side Effects:
- Gastrointestinal issues such as oily stool, gas, and frequent bowel movements.
- Rarely, severe liver injury.
Expected Results:
Patients can expect to lose about 5% to 10% of their body weight within a year when used in conjunction with lifestyle changes.
Safe Usage:
It’s recommended to follow a low-fat diet to minimize side effects. Taking a multivitamin at bedtime is advised to ensure adequate absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
2. Phentermine-Topiramate (Qsymia)
How It Works:
This combination drug suppresses appetite and makes you feel fuller for longer. Phentermine stimulates the central nervous system, while topiramate is known for its weight loss properties.
Prescription Requirements:
Suitable for adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27 or higher with at least one weight-related condition like hypertension or type 2 diabetes.
Side Effects:
- Mood changes and trouble sleeping.
- Tingling of hands/feet, dry mouth, constipation.
- Risk of birth defects if used during pregnancy.
Expected Results:
Patients might lose between 5% and 10% of their initial body weight within the first year if combined with diet and exercise.
Safe Usage:
Due to its potential side effects, it’s important to follow the doctor’s instructions closely. Women of childbearing age should use effective birth control while on Qsymia.
3. Naltrexone-Bupropion (Contrave)
How It Works:
Combines an opioid antagonist and an antidepressant to control appetite and cravings.
Prescription Requirements:
Prescribed for adults with a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27 or higher with at least one weight-related condition.
Side Effects:
- Nausea, constipation, headache, and insomnia.
- Increased blood pressure and heart rate.
- Risk of seizures and should not be used in patients with a history of seizures.
Expected Results:
Users can expect to lose 5% to 9% of their body weight after a year when paired with lifestyle modifications.
Safe Usage:
Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it can help minimize side effects. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate is recommended.
4. Liraglutide (Saxenda)
How It Works:
A higher dose of the type 2 diabetes drug Victoza, Liraglutide mimics an intestinal hormone that tells the brain your stomach is full.
Prescription Requirements:
For those with a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27 or higher with at least one obesity-related condition.
Side Effects:
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
- Rarely, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and kidney problems.
Expected Results:
Can lead to a weight loss of about 5% to 10% of body weight within a year when combined with lifestyle changes.
Safe Usage:
Administered via injection, it’s important to start with a lower dose to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
5. Semaglutide (Wegovy)
How It Works:
Similar to Liraglutide, Semaglutide works by mimicking a hormone that targets areas of the brain involved in appetite regulation.
Prescription Requirements:
Approved for individuals with a BMI of 30 or higher, or 27 or higher with at least one weight-related condition.
Side Effects:
- Nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, and constipation.
- Potential risk for thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, and gallbladder disease.
Expected Results:
Semaglutide has shown significant results, with patients potentially losing up to 12.4% of their starting weight over 68 weeks when combined with lifestyle changes.
Safe Usage:
Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it can help manage side effects. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are crucial.
Conclusion
While prescription weight loss drugs offer hope for those struggling with obesity, they are not magic bullets. They work best when combined with lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular physical activity. It’s important to have a thorough discussion with a healthcare provider to understand the risks, benefits, and proper use of these medications. Remember, achieving and maintaining weight loss is a long-term commitment to your health.
